Chagas

• The acute (initial) illness, which occurs 1 to 2 weeks after being bitten by a kissing bug infected with Chagas.
• The chronic (long-term) illness, which occurs 10+ years after being bitten by a kissing bug infected with Chagas.

No acute symptoms in most people. Symptoms are often absent in the acute (initial) stage. In some cases, individuals may have a wound at the site of the bite and they may have swelling of the eye or eyelids if that is where the bite occurs. Fever, headache, general discomfort, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the lymph nodes may also be present. Rarely, the early stage of the infection can be severe and affect the heart and brain.

Chronic illness in some people.  Around 20-30% of untreated Chagas infections progress to a more serious condition, often involving the heart or digestive system.  This condition can lead to sudden death due to heart failure.  Immunosuppressive conditions such as HIV/AIDS can increase the likelihood of progressing to the chronic phase.

Infection during pregnancy can cause illness in some babies. The majority of babies born to mothers infected during pregnancy will have no symptoms, but some babies may suffer from low birth weight, enlargement of the spleen, tremors, seizures, and, in some cases, issues with the heart or brain.

Individuals should see a healthcare provider if they develop the symptoms described above and have visited an area where Chagas disease is found. The provider may order blood tests to look for Chagas disease.

Screen household members with similar kissing bug exposure. If there are other individuals living in the same house as an individual infected with Chagas, they should talk with a healthcare provider about testing for Chagas and potential treatment options.  

Control insects outside your home. Clear debris and vegetation outside your home on a regular basis. Apply outdoor pesticide or hire a licensed professional.

Protect yourself while traveling. People can lower their risk of contracting Chagas while travelling by choosing modern accommodations with window screens and doors screens and other weatherproofing. Avoid sleeping in rustic buildings as they can harbor the kissing bug (thatched roofs, mud-brick, etc.). Avoid camping in areas that commonly have Chagas disease spread. 

Protect your family.  If family members had similar exposures, talk with a healthcare provider about testing for Chagas and potential treatment options.